26 research outputs found
Music 2025 : The Music Data Dilemma: issues facing the music industry in improving data management
© Crown Copyright 2019Music 2025ʌ investigates the infrastructure issues around the management of digital data in an increasingly stream driven industry. The findings are the culmination of over 50 interviews with high profile music industry representatives across the sector and reflects key issues as well as areas of consensus and contrasting views. The findings reveal whilst there are great examples of data initiatives across the value chain, there are opportunities to improve efficiency and interoperability
Digital disruption in the recording industry
With the rise of peer-to-peer software like Napster, many predicted that the
digitalisation, sharing and dematerialisation of music would bring a radical
transformation within the recording industry. This opened up a period of controversy
and uncertainty in which competing visions were articulated of technology-induced
change, markedly polarised between utopian and dystopian accounts with no clear view
of ways forwards. A series of moves followed as various players sought to valorise
music on the digital music networks, culminating in an emergence of successful
streaming services.
This thesis examines why there was a mismatch between initial predictions and what has
actually happened in the market. It offers a detailed examination of the innovation
processes through which digital technology was implemented and domesticated in the
recording industry. This reveals a complex, contradictory and constantly evolving
landscape in which the development of digital music distribution was far removed from
the smooth development trajectories envisaged by those who saw these developments
as following a simple trajectory shaped by technical or economic determinants.
The research is based upon qualitative data analysis of fifty five interviews with a wide
range of entrepreneurs and innovators, focusing on two successful innovation cases
with different points of insertion within the digital recording industry; (1) Spotify:
currently the worldâs most popular digital music streaming service; and (2) INgrooves:
an independent digital music distribution service provider whose system is also used by
Universal Music Group. The thesis applies perspectives from the Social Shaping of
Technology (âSSTâ) and its extension into Social Learning in Technological Innovation.
It explores the widely dispersed processes of innovation through which the complex set
of interactions amongst heterogeneous players who have conflicting interests and
differing commitments involved in the digital music networks guided diverging choices
in relation to particular market conditions and user requirements. The thesis makes three major contributions to understanding digital disruption in the
recording industry. (1) In contrast to prevailing approaches which take P2P distribution
as the single point of focus, the study investigates the multiplicity of actors and sites of
innovation in the digital recording industry. It demonstrates that the dematerialisation of
music did not lead to a simple, e.g. technologically-driven transformation of the industry.
Instead a diverse array of realignments had to take place across the music sector to
develop digital music valorisation networks. (2) By examining the detailed processes
involved in the evolution of digital music services, it highlights the ways in which
business models are shaped through a learning process of matching and finding
constantly changing digital music usersâ needs. Based on the observation that business
models must be discovered in the course of making technologies work in the market, a
new framework of âsocial shaping of business modelsâ is proposed in order to
conceptualise business models as an emergent process in which firms refine their
strategies in the light of emerging circumstances. (3) Drawing upon the concepts of
musical networks (Leyshon 2001) and mediation (Hennion 1989), the thesis investigates
the interaction of the diverse actors across the circuit of the recording business â
production, distribution, valorisation, and consumption. The comprehensive analysis of
the intricate interplay between innovation actors and their interactions in the economic,
cultural, legal and institutional context highlights the need to develop a more
sophisticated and nuanced understanding of the recording industry
Bee Venom Mitigates Cisplatin-Induced Nephrotoxicity by Regulating CD4 +
Cisplatin is used as a potent anticancer drug, but it often causes nephrotoxicity. Bee venom (BV) has been used for the treatment of various inflammatory diseases, and its renoprotective action was shown in NZB/W mice. However, little is known about whether BV has beneficial effects on cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity and how such effects might be mediated. In the present study, the BV-injected group showed a significant increase in the population of Tregs in spleen. Although there was no significant difference in the numbers of Tregs 3 days after cisplatin injection between the BV- and PBS-injected groups, more migration of Tregs into the kidney was observed 6 hours after cisplatin administration in BV group than in PBS group. In addition, BV-injected mice showed reduced levels of serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, renal tissue damage, proinflammatory cytokines, and macrophage infiltration into the kidney 3 days after cisplatin administration. These renoprotective effects were abolished by the depletion of Tregs. The anticancer effect of repeated administrations of cisplatin was not affected by BV injection. These results suggest that BV has protective effects on cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity in mice, at least in part, through the regulation of Tregs without a big influence on the antitumor effects of cisplatin
Music Creatorsâ Earnings: Buyout Contracts in the UK Audio-visual Commissioning Sector
No abstract available